Final Review Spring 2003

1. Which of these is a special case of the other: map transformation; map projection? Discuss the similarities and differences between them.
2. What primary graphic element would you use to represent differences in the tonnage of goods shipped by railroad across Western Canada? Why?
3. How would you show difference between a city boundary and a state boundary? Why?
4. Is it possible to represent flow over time on a map? Cite an example.
4. What are the spatial dimensions associated with the cartographic object types point, chain and polygon? Why is it important to understand how to make use of different spatial object types?
5. What is a topological data structure? Why is a topological data structure important in cartography, in contrast to a data structure that lacks explicit topology? (Remember, this is not topography.) What relationships interrelate objects in a topological model?
6. What is the importance of registration to the various layers or coverages of a GIS?
7. Describe three types of digital elevation models discussed in class. What are their advantages and disadvantages? Which one was used in traditional topographic maps, and why?
8. In what context might a contour map be more useful than hill shaded relief?
9. Which of the five components of cartographic data quality are testable, and which are not?
10. What procedures are used to compile a map? How does these relate to the terms of design cartography?
11. What kinds of procedures are used to generalize geographic information? How many of these did you use in the exercises and projects of this class?

12. What is a geographic information system? How does it relate to cartography?

List of Terms for Second Half of 360

Coordinate system

State Plane grid
Transverse Mercator
Lambert Conformal Conic (Washington State State Plane)

UTM grid

Latitude
Longitude

Graticule

Geoid
Ellipsoid; Spheroid

· Measurement Sciences

Geodesy and geodetic surveying
Photogrammetry
Photointerpretation
Remote Sensing
Global positioning system (GPS)
Role of triangles in geometric measurement

 

· Continuous surface

Properties of surfaces

Z value or point "height"
Slope: Gradient and Aspect

Volume

Data Models for Surfaces

Scattered Z values
Contour
Digital Elevation Matrix
Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

Interpolation: used for conversion

Display methods for surfaces

Hachures
Contours
Hill shading
Tanaka contours

Block diagram

"Fly through" dynamic visualization

Virtual Reality

Augment Reality

Data Structures: Cartographic Object

point
line

polygon

Map Symbol
· Entity - > Object - > Symbol relationship
Data layer or "coverage"

Data Structures: Alternatives

Compliation

Base map
Integration of sources
Registration (geometric relationship)

Generalization and scale changing

Procedures for scale changing

Cartographic accuracy

Components of data quality

Metadata

Geographic information system (GIS)

Transformations of representations

Version of 4 June 2003